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Captain Jack (Kintpuash), a Modoc subchief, executed October 3, 1873; bust-length, full-face.
Photographed by Louis Heller, 1873. American Indian Select List number 93. United States National Archives and Records Administration.
Scar-faced Charley (Chikchikam Lupatkue-latko), a Modoc; bust-length. Photographed by Louis Heller,
1873. American Indian Select List number 121, United States National Archive and Research Administration.
Major General Edward Richard Sprigg Canby was born November 9, 1817, at Piatt’s Landing, Kentucky. He attended
local school at nearby East Bend and Wabash College in Crawfordsville, Indiana. He received an appointment to West Point Military
Academy and was ranked next to last when he graduated. Edward Canby graduated from West Point in 1839. During the U.S. Civil
War he prevented Confederate General Sibley from reaching California and led troops that took Mobile in 1865.
After the war, Canby was named army commander of the Department of the Columbia. He was later sent in 1873 to California for
participation in the Modoc War. The Modocs, entrenched in Captain Jack's Stronghold south of Tule Lake, resisted
army attacks so effectively that a peace conference was arranged. General Canby was shot and killed by Captain Jack of
the Modocs on April 11, 1873, becoming the first, and only, general killed during the Indian Wars.
A cross in recognition of his killing was erected in Lava Beds National Monument.
He was buried in Crown
Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis.
 Alvan Cullen Gillem was born on July 29, 1830, in Gainesboro, Tennessee. He grew
up and was educated in rural central Tennessee, then studied in Nashville. After graduating from West Point in 1851, he served
in Florida and on the frontier. When the Civil War began, Gillem was a captain and assistant quartermaster in Tennessee. He
fought at the Battles of Mill Springs and Shiloh, and was chief quartermaster for the Army of the Ohio. By August of 1863,
he was a brigadier general, to rank from the 17th of August. Gillem took part in cavalry duty in East Tennessee in 1864, fought
in several engagements. In January of 1865, he was appointed vice president of the Tennessee constitutional convention. Brevetted
a brigadier general and a major general in the Regular Army for his war service, he was promoted to major general of volunteers
on November 3, 1865. While continuing his military service, Gillem became a member of the state legislature, and, from 1865
to 1866, he was commander of the military District of East Tennessee. He led troops in the Modoc Indian War in 1873, then
went on sick leave. Gillem died in Soldier's Rest, Tennessee, on December 2, 1875.
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